The Age of Industrialisation

CBSE 2023 board paper · 1 mark

Who of the following set up the first Iron and Steel industry in India ?

1. J.R.D. Tata
2. Purushotam Das
3. R.G. Saraiya
4. Thakur Das

CBSE 2023 board paper · 1 mark

Which of the following industries increased with the expansion of railways in England from 1840s to 1860s ?

1. Iron and Steel
2. Jute and Cotton
3. Aluminium and Bauxite
4. Copper and Steel

CBSE 2023 board paper · 1 mark

Who among the following improved the steam engine ?

1. James Watt
2. Thomas Edison
3. Benjamin Franklin
4. Alexander Fleming

CBSE 2023 sample paper · 4 marks

Read the source given below and answer the question that follows: Will Thorne is one of those who went in search of seasonal work, loading bricks and doing odd jobs. He describes how job-seekers walked to London in search of work: ‘I had always wanted to go to London, and my desire … was stimulated by letters from an old workmate … who was now working at the Old Kent Road Gas Works … I finally decided to go … in November, 1881. With two friends I started out to walk the journey, filled with the hope that we would be able to obtain employment, when we get there, with the kind assistance of my friend … we had little money when we started, not enough to pay for our food and lodgings each night until we arrived in London. Some days we walked as much as twenty miles, and other days less. Our money was gone at the end of the third day … For two nights we slept out – once under a haystack, and once in an old farm shed … On arrival in London we tried to find … my friend … but … were unsuccessful. Our money was gone, so there was nothing for us to do but to walk around until late at night, and then try to find some place to sleep. We found an old building and slept in it that night. The next day, Sunday, late in the afternoon, we got to the Old Kent Gas Works, and applied for work. To my great surprise, the man we had been looking for was working at the time. He spoke to the foreman and I was given a job.’ Quoted in Raphael Samuel, ‘Comers and Goers’, in H.J. Dyos and Michael Wolff, eds, The Victorian City: Images and Realities, 1973. 34.1 Analyse the major factor which led London become an attractive place for the job seekers. (1) 34.2 Analyse the reason for the appointment of Will Thorne by the Old Kent Gas works. (1) 34.3 Examine the preference of hand labour over machines by the industrialists of the Victorian Britain. (2)

CBSE 2023 board paper · 4 marks

Read the given case and answer the questions that follow : Market for Goods One way in which new consumers are created is through advertisements. As you know, advertisements make products appear desirable and necessary. They try to shape the minds of people and create new needs. Today we live in a world where advertisements surround us. They appear in newspapers, magazines, hoardings, street walls, television screens. But if we look back into history, we find that from the very beginning of the industrial age, advertisements have played a part in expanding the markets for products, and in shaping a new consumer culture. When Manchester industrialists began selling cloth in India, they put labels on the cloth bundles. The label was needed to make the place of manufacture and the name of the company familiar to the buyer. The label was also to be a mark of quality. When buyers saw ‘MADE IN MANCHESTER’ written in bold on the label, they were expected to feel confident about buying the cloth. (34.1) How was the marketing of goods done in India by the British ? (1) (34.2) How were the new consumers created through advertisement during colonial India ? (1) (34.3) Identify the messages conveyed through advertisements during industrialization. (2)

CBSE 2023 board paper · 4 marks

Read the given source and answer the questions that follow : Yet, till the First World War, industrial growth was slow. The war created a dramatically new situation. With British mills busy with war production to meet the needs of the army, Manchester imports into India declined. Suddenly, Indian mills had a vast home market to supply. As the war prolonged, Indian factories were called upon to supply war needs: jute bags, cloth for army uniforms, tents and leather boots, horse and mule saddles and a host of other items. New factories were set up and old ones ran multiple shifts. Many new workers were employed and everyone was made to work longer hours. Over the war years industrial production boomed. After the war, Manchester could never recapture its old position in the Indian market. Unable to modernise and compete with the US, Germany and Japan, the economy of Britain crumbled after the war. Cotton production collapsed and exports of cotton cloth from Britain fell dramatically. Within the colonies, local industrialists gradually consolidated their position, substituting foreign manufacturers and capturing the home market. (34.1) Why did Manchester imports decline in India ? (1) (34.2) Why could Manchester never recapture its old position in the Indian market after the First World War ? (1) (34.3) Analyse any two benefits of the First World War to India. (2 × 1 = 2)

CBSE 2023 board paper · 4 marks

Read the given extract and answer the questions that follow : The first cotton mill in Bombay came up in 1854 and it went into production two years later. By 1862, four mills were at work with 94,000 spindles and 2,150 looms. Around the same time, jute mills came up in Bengal, the first being set up in 1855 and another one seven years later, in 1862. In north India, the Elgin Mill was started in Kanpur in the 1860s, and a year later the first cotton mill of Ahmedabad was set up. By 1874, the first spinning and weaving mill of Madras began production. (34.1) When was the first cotton mill set up in India ? (1) (34.2) Name any two early industrialists of India. (½ + ½ = 1) (34.3) How did many Indian entrepreneurs survive despite tight economic controls imposed by the British Government ? Explain. (2)

CBSE 2023 board paper · 4 marks

Read the given source and answer the questions that follow : INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT By the first decade of the twentieth century a series of changes affected the pattern of industrialization in India. As the swadeshi movement gathered momentum, nationalists mobilised people to boycott foreign cloth. Industrial groups organised themselves to protect their collective interests, pressurising the government to increase tariff protection and grant other concessions. From 1906, moreover, the export of Indian yarn to China declined since produce from Chinese and Japanese mills flooded the Chinese market. So industrialists in India began shifting from yarn to cloth production. Cotton piece goods production in India doubled between 1900 and 1912. Yet, till the First World War, industrial growth was slow. The war created a dramatically new situation. With British mills busy with war production to meet the needs of the army, Manchester imports into India declined. Suddenly, Indian mills had a vast home market to supply. As the war prolonged, Indian factories were called upon to supply war needs : jute bags, cloth for army uniforms, tents and leather boots, horse and mule saddles and a host of other items. New factories were set up and old ones ran multiple shifts. Many new workers were employed and everyone was made to work longer hours. Over the war years industrial production boomed. (34.1) What was the Swadeshi Movement ? (1) (34.2) Why did the Cotton piece goods production in India double between 1900 to 1912 ? (1) (34.3) Explain any two events that helped India to regain its market. (2)